Misha Antani, Anjali Goyal, Jalashree Rana,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (Jan-Feb 2024)
Abstract
Background: A higher occurrence of raised homocysteine levels has been reported in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), particularly those with macroangiopathy and nephropathy. Given that hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for T2D, mitigating this condition could potentially benefit T2D patients. This study aimed to investigate the influence of homocysteine on T2D and cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as the factors that modify homocysteine levels.
Methods: This cross sectional, observational study was conducted on 122 individuals in a tertiary care center in Western India. Data related to anthropometry, demography, and biochemistry were gathered following established standards. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test. A P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The findings indicated a significantly larger percentage of hyperhomocysteinemia in males, smokers, and individuals with elevated fasting blood sugar and HbA1c levels. The proportion of subjects with high homocysteine levels was notably greater in those with high total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. A significant correlation was observed between increased serum homocysteine levels and decreased serum folic acid and vitamin B12 levels in patients with ischemic heart disease.
Conclusion: Elevated homocysteine levels are observed in smokers and diabetic patients, potentially leading to CVD. Furthermore, this study found a correlation between an increase in serum homocysteine levels and a decrease in serum folic acid and vitamin B12 levels in patients with ischemic heart disease.
Anuradha Saini , Anjali Sharma , Mukul Singh , Shaily Goyal , Maninder Narang , Sunil Ranga ,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (May-Jun 2025)
Abstract
Background: Sepsis stands as a leading cause of mortality among critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Bacterial infections, including sepsis, upregulate Neutrophilic cluster of differentiation 64 (nCD64) expression on activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Prompt diagnosis of sepsis is crucial for initiating timely and targeted treatment. Consequently, a rapid laboratory test with high specificity for sepsis in adults would significantly aid therapeutic decision-making and help reduce the overuse of antibiotics.
Methods: This study enrolled 40 sepsis patients diagnosed according to the Sepsis-3 definition. For biomarker evaluation, 2 mL blood samples were collected from each patient in both ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and plain vials. In addition, nCD64 was analyzed using flow cytometry, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) via nephelometry, and procalcitonin (PCT) using chemiluminescence.
Results: For sepsis prediction, nCD64 demonstrated a positive predictive value (PPV) of 92.68% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 94.87%. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to assess the diagnostic accuracy of nCD64 (≥ 1.8), hS-CRP (≥ 3 mg/L), and PCT (≥ 0.4 ng/mL). The area under the curve (AUC) for nCD64 was highest at 0.938 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.876-0.999), followed by hS-CRP at 0.888 (95% CI = 0.807-0.968) and PCT at 0.850 (95% CI = 0.759-0.941).
Conclusion: These findings strongly suggest that nCD64 determination is a valuable diagnostic tool for identifying infections in patients with septic syndrome. Its performance appears to be superior to that of hs-CRP and PCT.
